Islamic calendar months in order5/7/2023 ![]() ![]() Muslim rule expanded outside Arabia under the Rashidun Caliphate and the subsequent Umayyad Caliphate ruled from the Iberian Peninsula to the Indus Valley. Islam originated in the 7th century in Mecca. The three holiest sites in Islam in descending order are Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina, and Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. Prominent religious festivals include Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. ![]() Islamic law, sharia, touches on virtually every aspect of life, from banking and finance and welfare to men's and women's roles and the environment. The Five Pillars-considered obligatory acts of worship-comprise the Islamic oath and creed ( shahada) daily prayers ( salah) almsgiving ( zakat) fasting ( sawm) in the month of Ramadan and a pilgrimage ( Hajj) to Mecca. It states that there will be a " Final Judgement" wherein the righteous will be rewarded in paradise ( Jannah) and the unrighteous will be punished in hell ( Jahannam). Islam teaches that God is one and incomparable. The teachings and normative example of Muhammad, called the sunnah, documented in accounts called the hadith, provide a constitutional model for Muslims. They also consider Muhammad as the main and final Islamic prophet. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God and the unaltered, final revelation. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier prophets such as Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, among others these earlier revelations are attributed to Judaism and Christianity, which are regarded in Islam as spiritual predecessor faiths. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. "Submission ") is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered around the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. ![]()
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